Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini as a prince in Nepal. His father, King Suddhodana, wishing for Gautama to be a great king rather than a sage, shielded his son from religious teachings and knowledge of human suffering.
When Gautama ventured outside his palace, he was deeply moved by the sight of human suffering. He saw an old, crippled man (old age), a diseased man (illness), a decaying corpse (death), and an ascetic (monk). These four scenes are referred to as the Four Sights. in fact, Gautama was so inspired by these sights he sought to overcome the delusive identities with old age, illness, and death by living the life of a disciplined ascetic.
At the age of 29, Gautama left his luxurious palace life for the homeless and religious life in the Ganges river basin. He found that extreme austerities did not give him the spiritual enlightenment he sought. And so he adopted the ‘Middle Way’ of meditation practices with strenuous moral and intellectual discipline.
After attaining enlightenment around 563 BC. Buddha stated that he had realized a complete awakening. He had found the insight in to the nature, cause, and steps to eliminate human suffering. These truths were then categorized to help those seekers that were interested in working towards the state of supreme liberation - Nirvana. Nirvana is possible for any being following " The Noble Eightfold. Path ".
The rest of his 80 year llfe was dedicated to teaching the " The Dharma“, which includes the Eightfold Path. The Path may be thought of as a way of developing 'sila', meaning mental and moral discipline: ’ Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Rlght Actlon, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.